Also known as Curled toe paralysis, Riboflavin deficiency
Vitamin B2 deficiency occurs worldwide in poultry of all ages. It is caused when vitamin B2 is deficient in the diet. Most grains are deficient in vitamin B2, therefore it must be included in the premix.
- Causes of Vitamin B2 deficiency >
- Effects of Vitamin B2 deficiency >
- Diagnosis of Vitamin B2 deficiency >
- Treatment & Control of Vitamin B2 deficiency >
Causes of Vitamin B2 deficiency
Vitamin B2 is a cofactor in many enzyme systems. Many are associated with oxidation-reduction reactions that are involved in cell respiration.
Mode of transmission
Most grains are deficient in B2; therefore, it must be added in the premix.
Effects of Vitamin B2 deficiency
Curled toes, poor growth, weak and emaciation are seen in young birds. Leg muscles are atrophied and flabby. The skin is dry and harsh. Poor hatchability and egg production can occur in adults. Dead embryos have "clubbed" down feathers. Poults have severe dermatitis of the feet and shanks and incrustations on the corners of the mouth.
Postmortem lesions
Enlarged sciatic and brachial nerve, leg muscles are atrophied and flabby in young birds. Adults have enlarged fatty (yellow) livers.
Diagnosis of Vitamin B2 deficiency
Postmortem lesions (curled toes) are characteristic.
It simulates Marek’s disease (MD), since both have enlarged peripheral nerves. Histologically, nerves are oedematous for B2 deficiency and contain lymphocytes with MD.
Treatment & Control of Vitamin B2 deficiency
Prevention
Quality control of the diet.
Treatment
Increase B2 in diet. Vitamin B2 is needed for correct functioning of the peripheral nervous system.
