Occurrence: Worldwide. Species affected: Turkeys, chickens, ducks, geese, birds of prey. Age affected: Young to adults. Generally more males than females are affected.

Causes: Gram-negative, spore-forming bacterium- Pasturella multocida. Cats, wild birds and rodents can all act as carriers. Spread from bird to bird by contact. It is a stress disease occurring at point of lay and with seasonal change.

Effects: Peractute death without...