Causes: Smothering occurs due to overcrowding and hence a lack of oxygen. It may occur in chicks that are packed without enough air spaces or ventilation holes, or when birds are moved to new quarters or when they are frightened. It is more common at night.

Effects: Mortality without signs of any other cause of death. Postmortem, congestion of the trachea and lungs may be seen, or feathers may be worn off where trampling has occurred.

Smothering is caused by crowding or pilling in a corner. It may occur when birds are moved to new quarters, when they are frightened by a loud noise or intruder in the house, or when birds are chilled. It is often more common at night. Smothering of chicks occurs in boxes due to overcrowding or when boxes are stacked too high, or there are insufficient air ventilation holes.

Sudden death of birds in one area of the house (usually in one corner) without any other signs is indicative that death has occurred by smothering.

Necropsy of birds reveals congestion of the trachea and lungs

The condition can be reduced by encircling chicks around the brooding area with a guard. Guards should be made of a netting material which provides no blockage of air or light and can be easily disinfected.

The house should be pre-warned 24 hours before receiving the chicks.

When the birds are moved to new quarters, lights should be dimmed and birds frequently checked for piling.

Care should be made to prevent frightening the birds by loud intruders. Condition birds to humans and outside noises (trucks, machines) with an inside radio.

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