Occurrence: Worldwide. Species affected: All. Age affected: All.

Causes: Water sanitisers are commonly used to remove bacteria, fungi or algae from water lines. If water sanitizer levels are too high, quaternary ammonium or chloride toxicity may occur.

Effects: Birds do not drink, reduced growth, persistent swallowing, continual spitting, facial swelling and ocular or nasal discharge can be seen.

Water sanitisers are commonly used to remove bacteria, fungi or algae from water lines. However, if the levels are too high, birds can suffer acute toxicity symptoms.

Birds to not drink, reduced growth, persistent swallowing, continual spitting, facial swelling and ocular or nasal discharge can be seen.

Ulcers on tongue from epithelial irritation are evident. A pseudomembrane on the mucosa of the mouth, pharynx oesophagus, crop, proventriculus and/or gizzard can be seen.

Water analysis of the sanitizers is needed.

It simulates T-2 toxin, Wet pox, Vitamin A deficiency and trichomoniasis.

Use lower level of the chemicals in the water

Fresh water will reverse the disease.

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